La característica más representativa de la música es su capacidad de generar emoción. Pero ¿por qué la música emociona? En este artículo mostramos los conocimientos actuales de la teoría musical y la neurociencia que intentan explicar las relaciones que existen entre la música y las emociones. En primer lugar, se repasan los conocimientos actuales sobre el procesamiento de los sonidos musicales a nivel cerebral y las posibles explicaciones del origen de la emoción musical, así como la contribución de los distintos (...) parámetros musicales a la generación de emociones, considerando estructuras musicales de nuestro mundo occidental. En segundo lugar, se presenta el canal táctil como un posible canal de transmisión de la emoción musical análogo al canal auditivo, pero con más limitaciones en la discriminación de frecuencias. Este acercamiento se produce desde la profunda fascinación que ejerce la música, con la esperanza de encontrar vías para explicar la transmisión de la emoción musical desde un canal alternativo. (shrink)

Business students from the three NAFTA countries were shown a possible Sexual Harassment scenario from Arthur Andersen's Business Ethics Program. They were asked to respond to a pre-questionnaire concerning the three characters' behaviors and possible actions and a post-questionnaire after writing a report from the points of view of the three characters in the scenario. The students were asked to consider whether the characters should report the possible harasser to their supervisor, and thus engage in whistle-blowing behavior, as well as (...) directly confront the harasser. Hypotheses are formulated for the three NAFTA countries based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions. There were significant differences, but in some cases not in the direction expected. Gender differences are also explored, but there were few significant differences. (shrink)

Business students from the three NAFTA countries were shown a possible Sexual Harassment scenario from Arthur Andersen’s Business Ethics Program. They were asked to respond to a pre-questionnaire concerning the three characters’ behaviors and possible actions and a post-questionnaire after writing a report from the points of view of the three characters in the scenario. The students were asked to consider whether the characters should report the possible harasser to their supervisor, and thus engage in whistle-blowing behavior, as well as (...) directly confront the harasser. Hypotheses are formulated for the three NAFTA countries based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. There were significant differences, but in some cases not in the direction expected. Gender differences are also explored, but there were few significant differences. (shrink)

Business students from the three NAFTA countries were shown a possible Sexual Harassment scenario from Arthur Andersen’s Business Ethics Program. They were asked to respond to a pre-questionnaire concerning the three characters’ behaviors and possible actions and a post-questionnaire after writing a report from the points of view of the three characters in the scenario. The students were asked to consider whether the characters should report the possible harasser to their supervisor, and thus engage in whistle-blowing behavior, as well as (...) directly confront the harasser. Hypotheses are formulated for the three NAFTA countries based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. There were significant differences, but in some cases not in the direction expected. Gender differences are also explored, but there were few significant differences. (shrink)

A presente coletânea é resultado de cooperação de pesquisadores brasileiros e portugueses, envolvidos com a docência no ensino superior e a consequente formação continuada dos professores universitários. A frequência no ensino superior é vista como uma conquista social dos ideais democráticos modernos e teria trazido novos públicos aos bancos escolares, o que tornaria esse ensino uma realidade de maneira qualitativa distinta com a qual decisores políticos, gestores, professores e estudantes devem aprender a lidar. Essas preocupações pretenderam motivar e nortear os (...) temas abordados nesta obra. (shrink)

As one tries to grasp love and its images within José Leonilson's production, a multiplicity of aspects and meanings are seen that also relate to Louise Bourgeois's oeuvre in regard to the interest in human relations. Through a comparative approach to both artists' poetics, an understanding is created that love is not a simplistic action and all the words read in or applied to their visual discourse must be considered within a wide range of love in visual and literary (...) images. Keywords: literature and visual arts / love / creativity / Bourgeois, Louise / Leonilson, José / word and image. (shrink)

BackgroundInformation and communication technology solutions have the potential to support active and healthy aging and improve monitoring and treatment outcomes. To make such solutions acceptable, all stakeholders must be involved in the requirements elicitation process. Due to the COVID-19 situation, alternative approaches to commonly used face-to-face methods must often be used. One aim of the current article is to share a unique experience from the Pharaon project where due to the COVID-19 outbreak alternative elicitation methods were used. In addition, an (...) overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals identified by six pilot sites is presented to complement the knowledge about the needs of older adults.MethodsOriginally planned face-to-face co-creation seminars were impossible to carry out, and all pilot sites chose alternative requirements elicitation methods that were most suitable in their situation. The elicited requirements were presented in the form of goal models. In one summary goal model, we provide an overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals.ResultsDifferent elicitation methods were combined based on the digital literacy of the target group and their access to digital tools. Methods applied without digital technologies were phone interviews, reviews of literature and previous projects, while by means of digital technologies online interviews, online questionnaires, and virtual co-creation seminars were conducted. The combination of the methods allowed to involve all planned stakeholders. Virtual and semi-virtual co-creation seminars created collaborative environment comparable to face-to-face situations, while online participation helped to save the time of the participants. The most prevalent functional goals elicited were “Monitor health,” “Receive advice,” “Receive information.” “Easy to use/comfortable,” “personalized/tailored,” “automatic/smart” were identified as most prevalent quality goals. Most frequently occurring emotional goals were “involved,” “empowered,” and “informed.”ConclusionThere are alternative methods to face-to-face co-creation seminars, which effectively involve older adults and other stakeholders in the requirements elicitation process. Despite the used elicitation method, the requirements can be easily transformed into goal models to present the results in a uniform way. The common requirements across different pilots provided a strong foundation for representing detailed requirements and input for further software development processes. (shrink)

Esta propuesta se inscribe en el marco de análisis y comprensión de los procesos de subjetivación contemporáneos como maneras de imponer una esencia a una existencia. Puesto que hemos sido edificadas con las imágenes de otros, las mujeres hemos debido construirnos cada una con ellas. Siendo muy diversos los desenlaces de esta construcción, somos sin embargo parecidas al compartir una particular manera de vínculo: la experiencia que denomino del deseo de ser. Estando siempre sin hacer, somos siempre siendo y, aunque (...) dadas ya por hechas, cada mujer es el resultado de un tremendo esfuerzo y paciencia cuya resolución permite vivir. (shrink)

The relationship between aesthetic value and other moral and cognitive values has been a key theme within contemporary aesthetic discussion. In this article, I explore once again the implications of this relationship, but from what I think might be a different angle. With few exceptions, notably Dominic Lopes, most of the contributions to this issue have dealt with the impact that moral or cognitive values could possibly have on the overall aesthetic value of a work of art. In this article, (...) I explore instead how aesthetic properties or merits could play a role in explaining moral and cognitive properties. To do so, I first offer some examples that I think may reasonably exemplify the phenomenon we are considering. Second, I argue that a proper account of interactionism should meet at least two constraints: the relevance constraint and the autonomy constraint. Finally, I try to clarify how it is possible that aesthetic properties substantially contribute to other values by appealing to the notions of expression and the affective character of aesthetic properties. (shrink)

Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

La idea de convergencia es una de las nociones más difundidas en el lenguaje tecnocientífico actual. Sin olvidar el éxito que está teniendo en el diseño de la política europea, no cabe duda de que es un concepto clave en la financiación de las investigaciones integradas en el marco de lo que se ha denominado las NBCI (nano-bio-cogno-info-tecnologías). Con ello, pretendemos analizar hasta qué punto se está difundiendo algún sesgo axiológico a través de esta noción. Algo que cobra especial interés (...) si tenemos en cuenta la acogida que está teniendo en los recientes estudios sobre el nuevo modo de producción del conocimiento tecnocientífico (Gibbons, Nowotny, Funtowicz…) y el giro económico que estos han experimentado en los últimos años. (shrink)

In this paper I present an overview of the doctrine known as Positive Aesthetics regarding aesthetic judgements about nature. According to this view, all pristine nature is always beautiful and, generally, although not necessarily, human intervention tends to introduce ugliness in nature. One of the strong practical motivations behind this claim is an attempt to ground our reasons to preserve natural environments in aesthetic reasons. Positive Aesthetics has been defended within contrary approaches to nature appreciation such as the cognitivists and (...) the anti-cognitivist. Recently, the possibility of real ugliness in nature has been defended; at the same time, it is argued that the presence of ugly items in nature does not lead necessarily to the idea that they are not aesthetically valuable. Hence, natural ugliness can be a reason to preserve nature. In this sense, the denial of the Positive Aesthetics claim is shown to be compatible with the appeal to aesthetic negative qualities as a source of reasons for preserving natural environments. (shrink)

Desde la Revista “Derechos y Libertades” se nos convoca a dar nuestra opinión sobre los desafíos a los que se enfrenta el actual discurso de los derechos humanos. La cuestión planteada nos remite a la historicidad del propio concepto de derechos humanos, que no puede sustentarse sobre una razón abstracta, sino sobre una concepción evolutiva, diversa e intercultural del ser humano y de la sociedad. Desafíos han existido siempre y son amplios, pero quizá ahora estamos en un momento de importantes (...) cambios tecnológicos y transiciones energéticas, que demandan un enfoque ético, político y jurídico, para poder intervenir sobre los nuevos conflictos sociales que se derivan de su aplicación. (shrink)

Inicialmente restrita aos muros escolares, a violência entre alunos passou a se manifestar também de forma online, por meio de redes sociais, estabelecendo a expressão cyberbullying. Sob esta perspectiva, há um consenso na literatura da área, de que cabe à escola se posicionar e assumir o compromisso de inibir estas práticas e estimular o convívio pacífico entre os alunos, dentro e fora da escola. Apesar da relevância da questão, a temática do cyberbullying ainda é pouco estudada de forma empírica. Observa-se (...) uma lacuna de informações no que se refere aos atores que podem atuar como agentes de prevenção e controle a este tipo de violência, os professores. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da preocupação dos professores no envolvimento da escola frente às práticas de cyberbullying. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa junto a 112 professores de ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Blumenau/SC. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e equações estruturais. Os resultados indicaram que os professores demonstram maior preocupação quando percebem que o problema do cyberbullying é real e afeta os alunos. Quanto ao envolvimento da escola, verificou-se a necessidade de se estabelecer parcerias entre as instituições de ensino e a comunidade, promover assembleias alusivas ao tema nas escolas e fornecer aconselhamento aos jovens no próprio ambiente escolar. Por fim, observou-se que a preocupação dos professores com as práticas de cyberbullying influencia a sua crença de que o envolvimento da escola é importante, despertando a necessidade de posturas mais proativas para o combate a este malefício. Palavras-chave: Cyberbullying. Escola. Professores. (shrink)

El panorama educativo actual requiere de la implementación de nuevas metodologías docentes en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un estudio piloto orientado a impartir docencia al aire libre como forma de recrear el trabajo real que puede desarrollar nuestro alumnado en su futuro profesional. De este modo, pretendíamos conseguir un aprendizaje significativo en tanto que existe una interacción real con los objetos de aprendizaje. El resultado se concretó en la valoración positiva por (...) parte del alumnado al sentirse conectados con su inminente realidad laboral y la adquisición de competencias interpersonales como la cooperación y el compañerismo. (shrink)

This monograph is a defence of the Fregean take on logic. The author argues that Frege ́s projects, in logic and philosophy of language, are essentially connected and that the formalist shift produced by the work of Peano, Boole and Schroeder and continued by Hilbert and Tarski is completely alien to Frege's approach in the Begriffsschrift. A central thesis of the book is that judgeable contents, i.e. propositions, are the primary bearers of logical properties, which makes logic embedded in our (...) conceptual system. This approach allows coherent and correct definitions of logical constants, logical consequence, and truth and connects their use to the practices of rational agents in science and everyday life. (shrink)

Últimamente, se están reforzando los planteamientos que venían buscando una enseñanza en la cual, a través de la resolución de casos prácticos, el alumnado se convierte en agente activo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Son múltiples las opciones metodológicas con las que este puede alcanzarse y, también, es posible integrarlas en una propuesta donde el estudiantado protagonice la construcción de sus conocimientos, atendiendo a situaciones reales con una dimensión social, conocida como Aprendizaje y Servicio. Para desarrollar esta premisa, nos hemos centrado (...) en el binomio patrimonio y educación como necesidad social, eligiendo la ciudad romana de Clunia como referente del servicio. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es describir el proceso por el cuál un individuo o grupo de individuos aplica violencia -psíquica o física- en pequeñas dosis a otro individuo con la intención de desestabilizarlo y hacerlo dudar de sus propios pensamientos y afectos. De esta forma se arrebata al otro su identidad, se niega y elimina la diferencia con el otro. El objetivo de esta conducta es paralizar a la víctima para evitar que surja el conflicto, para que no pueda (...) pensar ni comprenden, mantenerla a disposición del agresor mientras sea útil y adoctrinarla. El proceso pretende pervertir moralmente a la víctima y destruirla lentamente para conseguir un crimen perfecto, se elimina a la víctima por inducción al suicidio o violencia fisica. Llamamos a esta conducta "acoso moral" y la definimos como toda conducta abusiva -verbal o no verbal- que atenta por su frecuencia y repetición contra la dignidad o integridad psíquica o física de una persona. (shrink)

En este artículo se describe y comenta la concepción que Vico dejó entrever a lo largo de su obra acerca de las funciones que debería desarrollar un verdadero educador. Al rastrearlas y contemplarlas insertas dentro del conjunto de su teoría filosófico-pedagógica, es inevitable encontrar en ellas, con entusiasmo, suficientes visos de modernidad (bidireccionalidad comunicativa, no-directividad, utilidad social, paidocentrismo, humanismo ...) como para reivindicarlas y destacar con justicia su actualidad.

Recent debates on the validity of Aesthetic Testimony and the centrality of the so-called Acquaintance Principle suggest that there is more to the proper exercise of aesthetic judgement than mere endorsement of allegedly correct aesthetic judgements. For example, although it is reasonable to follow experts’ judgements in certain matters of fact, it seems less acceptable to simply endorse or adopt experts’ judgements in the aesthetic domain. That reliance on testimony, by contrast to some other areas of judgement, is not sufficient (...) for aesthetic judgement has encouraged scholars to focus in turn on the importance of the personal involvement and autonomy of the aesthetic agent. This special issue focuses on phenomena related to failed exercises of aesthetic judgement. The choice of the theme is motivated by the belief that a careful analysis of failures in aesthetic judgement can reveal significant aspects of the nature of aesthetic experience itself as well as the roles that perception, imagination, and learning have in its proper exercise. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta las difíciles relaciones entre perspectivas atentas al género y la bioetica. Tanto la ética como la ciencia, y en concreto la medicina, han sido objetadas desde enfoques feministas con el fin de revelar su sesgo androcéntrico. La bioética, no obstante, hasta hace bien poco, se ha mostrado reticente a considerar como categoría analítica el factor genero. Aludimos aquí a las causas de este desencuentro así como, posteriormente, a las posibilidades abiertas por una bioética feminista.This paper focuses on (...) the difficult relationship between bioethics and gender. Ethics and science, especially medicine, have been rejected from feminist perspectives revealing the androcentric bias. Bioethics, nevertheless, has resisted the option of consider gender as an analytic category. We point out the reasons of this resistance and also the open possibilities ofan feminist bioethics. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta las difíciles relaciones entre perspectivas atentas al género y la bioetica. Tanto la ética como la ciencia, y en concreto la medicina, han sido objetadas desde enfoques feministas con el fin de revelar su sesgo androcéntrico. La bioética, no obstante, hasta hace bien poco, se ha mostrado reticente a considerar como categoría analítica el factor genero. Aludimos aquí a las causas de este desencuentro así como, posteriormente, a las posibilidades abiertas por una bioética feminista.This paper focuses on (...) the difficult relationship between bioethics and gender. Ethics and science, especially medicine, have been rejected from feminist perspectives revealing the androcentric bias. Bioethics, nevertheless, has resisted the option of consider gender as an analytic category. We point out the reasons of this resistance and also the open possibilities ofan feminist bioethics. (shrink)

Comentamos y discutimos, en esta nota, algunas de las reconceptualizaciones normativas y aplicaciones diversas del paradigma de la Justicia Global. Los trabajos de Pogge compilados en Hacer justicia a la humanidad proporcionan una visión de conjunto del objetivo pragmático de su pensamiento: erradicar la pobreza severa. Discutimos, en primer lugar, su operación de otorgar carácter negativo a los derechos económicos y sociales por considerarlo erróneo y desencaminado tanto en la teoría como en sus repercusiones prácticas. Finalmente, enjuiciamos favorablemente su reflexión (...) acerca de la Equidad de Género en el contexto de los debates en torno a la medición de la pobreza y la analítica de las desigualdades. Su problematización a este respecto, permitiría una fructífera intersección con la crítica feminista a los marcos teóricos hegemónicos del desarrollo humano y a los impactos de la globalización sobre las mujeres. (shrink)

La normalización de la bioética en España, a pesar de sus tensiones constitutivas, puede ser considerada un hecho. Nos encontramos con un ámbito interdisciplinar y controvertido que podemos analizar inspirándonos en el concepto de “campo” propuesto por Bourdieu. No obstante, nos preguntamos al hilo de los modos de esta normalización si no es necesario replantear la agenda de la bioética en un marco global. La prioridad de la justicia junto a su articulación a través de las perspectivas ecosociales y feministas (...) serán los ejes de nuestra tentativa propuesta de reorientación. (shrink)

El objeto de este artículo es presentar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad que formularon Hannah Arendt y Hans Jonas. La versión jurídica e individual de la responsabilidad como mero correlato de la libertad ha quedado sobrepasada por la magnitud de las consecuencias de la acción humana consignadas en el siglo XX. A título de ejemplo, señalaremos a los totalitarismos, a la crisis ecológica o al impacto de las biotecnologías. Una escala de acción de tales magnitudes exige pensar (...) una responsabilidad «ampliada». Conectar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad con el juicio moral en un modelo complejo y multifactorial es nuestra propuesta aquí. (shrink)

This paper seeks a legal approach to the question of the implications of various religious beliefs in food. To begin with, it will be made a descriptive analysis of how the religious event influences and conditions the food consumption of believers, approaching both the three majoritarian or most representative religions of our country as well as several minority religions. Next, we will go on to observe and point out the obligations arising from Spanish Law regarding this aspect. Finally, once these (...) two areas have been analyzed and with what they illustrate, we will focus the main objective of this study giving our opinion on whether this is an issue that depends on the Law and that depend on a legislator or if, on the contrary, it is a question that belongs more to the internal sphere of citizens. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta a questão do saber na contemporaneidade segundo três autores: Clastres, Foucault e Rancière. Desde perspectivas bem diferentes, mas assumindo o compromisso de pensar o político de maneira radical e evitando o modelo do poder centralizado, todos eles discutem o estatuto do saber, sua construção e sua transmissão e obrigam a repensar diferentes aspectos dessa problemática: a alteridade, a diferença, a produção dos outros através do saber, a necessidade política da explicação, etc.

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first we outline a version of non-descriptivism, ‘minimal expressivism’, leaving aside certain long-standing problems associated with conventional expressivist views. Second, we examine the way in which familiar expressivist results can be accommodated within this framework, through a particular interpretation that the expressive realm lends to a theory of meaning. Expressivist theories of meaning address only a portion of the classical problems attributed to this position when they seek to explain why the expressions they (...) deal with have a given meaning. A position can nevertheless be termed ‘expressivist’ – in the minimal sense that we favor – based simply on the following key features of the meaning of these expressions: they can be used as functions of propositions, and they are not used to describe the way the world is. (shrink)

Al escribir este articulo intento recuperar, para la discusión más contemporánea sobre los universales, al menos una parte de las ideas del lógico y filósofo medieval Pedro Abelardo. En particular, hay ciertas formas de nominalismo, léase, el mentalismo, el nominalismo de conjuntos, y el nominalismo de semejanza(s), que han reaparecido con fuerza nueva en metafísica analítica contemporánea. Abelardo, como nominalista que fue, no sólo argumentó contra tesis de corte realista;, sino que también evaluó y criticó otras formas de nominalismo diferentes (...) a la suya y, en concreto, las mencionadas. Mi objeto principal es confrontar los argumentos de Abelardo con ellas, mostrando cómo sus argumentos aún prevalecen. (shrink)